Document Type : Research Article
Authors
1
PhD Candidate of Business Policy Making at SR.C.(Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch)
2
Associate Professor, Department of Management and Accounting, College of Farabi, University of Tehran, Iran
3
M.Sc. Student in Accounting, Daneshestan Institute of Higher Education, Saveh, Iran
4
Department of Business Management, VaP.C.٫ Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
10.22091/jaem.2026.17301.1063
Abstract
Wearable Internet of Things (IoT) technologies can extend health monitoring beyond conventional clinical settings, but their responsible deployment depends not only on data governance and clinical integration but also on the energy and material resources required for continuous sensing, communication, computation, charging, maintenance, and replacement. This study develops an energy-sustainable governance framework for wearable IoT in Iran’s digital-health system by integrating energy efficiency, clinical value, and responsible governance through Critical Systems Heuristics (CSH). A qualitative interpretive design combined a corpus of 20 semi-structured expert interviews with a targeted technical-document and research-literature extension on energy-efficient wearables, power supply, energy harvesting, device lifecycle, and environmental sustainability. Interview evidence was coded inductively and mapped onto the twelve CSH boundary questions. Energy-specific evidence was analyzed as a complementary documentary strand and triangulated with the interview-derived governance and clinical categories. Current ‘is’ conditions were compared with normatively defensible ‘ought-to-be’ conditions across motivation, control, knowledge, and legitimacy. The analysis identifies an energy-clinical value trade-off: reducing sensing, transmission, or computation can lower energy demand but may undermine clinically necessary monitoring, while indiscriminate high-frequency monitoring can increase battery, infrastructure, and lifecycle burdens without proportional clinical benefit. Battery dependence, device replacement, and emerging e-waste are therefore governance issues rather than purely technical constraints. The framework also identifies gaps in data rights, clinical accountability, resource control, interdisciplinary evidence, and representation of affected groups. Energy-sustainable wearable IoT requires optimization of energy and material use subject to clinically adequate performance, patient safety, equity, and institutional accountability.
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